based on Britz et al., The English List of Trait Words (ELoT) including Valence, Social Desirability and Observability Ratings [submitted]
Word frequency coefficients, derived from the SUBTLEX-US database (https://osf.io/7wx25/). Logarithmic calculus to the power of 10 (Log10) was calculated of the frequencies per billion words. The Zipf frequencies were chosen as the preferred index because it is independent of corpus size (Van Heuven, W. J., Mandera, P., Keuleers, E., & Brysbaert, M. (2014). SUBTLEX-UK: A new and improved word frequency database for British English. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 67(6), 1176-1190.).
Mean valence ratings of the total sample with negative values for negative valence and positive values for positive valence (7-point scale).
Wording of rating instructions for valence:
Instruction of the valence condition:
“We would like you to indicate the emotional valence you associate with each presented trait word. Words can have a positive or negative meaning to varying degrees. Please rate each word according to whether it has a rather positive or a rather negative emotional meaning to you. Any word that has a positive meaning from your personal point of view, should be given a positive value. Those words, which in your opinion have a negative emotional meaning, should be given a negative value. The numeric value should reflect the extent of emotional content that you associate with this trait. If you associate an extremely positive emotional meaning with a word, please click the box labeled with ‘+ 3’. If you associate an extremely negative emotional meaning, please click the box labeled with ‘− 3’. You may accordingly indicate any numeric value between − 3 and + 3. The value 0 stands for a neutral emotional meaning. Do not restrict yourself to a limited range of the scale, but make use of all values between − 3 and + 3. In case you don’t know the meaning of the word, please click the box labeled with “I don’t know the meaning of the word”. Please note that 10 non-words are also included to check your concentration during the task processing. In this case please click the box labeled with “I don’t know the meaning of the word”.”
Standard deviation of valence ratings.
Mean social desirability ratings of the total sample with negative values for socially undesirable traits and positive values for socially desirable traits (7-point scale).
Wording of rating instructions for social desirability:
“We would like you to indicate the social desirability you associate with each presented trait word. Personality traits can be socially desirable to varying degrees, that is to say, they more or less correspond to society`s expectations. Please rate each word according to whether it is a socially desirable or undesirable trait. Any word that is considered as a desirable trait in society, should be given a positive value. Those words, which are considered as undesirable traits, should be given a negative value. The numeric value should reflect the extent of social desirability that you associate with this trait. If you consider a word as extremely socially desirable, please click the box labeled with ‘+ 3’. If you consider a word as extremely socially undesirable, please click the box labeled with ‘− 3’. You may accordingly indicate any numeric value between − 3 and + 3. The value 0 stands for traits considered as neutral, that is to say neither socially desirable nor undesirable. Do not restrict yourself to a limited range of the scale, but make use of all values between − 3 and + 3. In case you don’t know the meaning of the word, please click the box labeled with “I don’t know the meaning of the word”. Please note that 10 non-words are also included to check your concentration during the task processing. In this case please click the box labeled with “I don’t know the meaning of the word”.”
Standard deviation of social desirability ratings.
Mean observability ratings of the total sample with values from 1 (extremely difficult to observe) to 4 (extremely easy to observe), reflecting the extend of observability associated with a trait.
Wording of the rating instructions for observability:
“Personality traits can be observable by an observer to varying degrees, that is to say, some traits are easy to observe in other persons while other traits are difficult to observe. Please rate each of the presented words according to whether it is easy or difficult to observe in other persons. Any word that you consider an easily observable and very obvious trait, should be given a higher value. Those words, that you consider to be difficult to observable, should be given a lower value. The numeric value should reflect the extent of observability that you associate with this trait. If you consider a word as extremely easy to observe, please click the box labeled with ‘4’. If you consider a word as extremely difficult to observe, please click the box labeled with ‘1’. The rating may vary between 1 and 4. Do not restrict yourself to a limited range of the scale, but make use of all values between 1 and 4. In case you don’t know the meaning of the word, please click the box labeled with “I don’t know the meaning of the word”. Please note that 10 non-words are also included to check your concentration during the task processing. In this case please click the box labeled with “I don’t know the meaning of the word”.”
Standard deviation of observability ratings.